| Agent | Type | Spectre | Ciblage / indication | Statut | Profil translational |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IR-1061 Thiopyrylium IR-1061 · OTN-NIR dye IR-1061 · NIR-II Dye 900883 Commercial laboratory reference dye; MilliporeSigma and academic users | Petit organique | 808/1060 nm NIR-II (1000-1700nm) QY: ~0.19% in DCM reported against modern NIR-II standards; formulation-dependent values up to ~2% reported for commercial buffered NIR-II dye preparations | Passif → None intrinsic; hydrophobic dye can be encapsulated in polymer/lipid nanoparticles Preclinical vascular imaging · Laboratory NIR-II reference · Formulation benchmark | Préclinique Research-use dye; no FDA approval as an injectable contrast agent | Toxicité · PK · publicationsToxicité: Free dye is hydrophobic and not clinically formulated; safety is formulation-dependent and remains preclinical. PK: Free-dye PK is not clinically defined; encapsulated or protein-bound formats typically show nanoparticle-like circulation and RES/liver-spleen handling. Avantages: Emission beyond 1000 nm reduces tissue scatter · Useful positive control for SWIR detector alignment · Can be loaded into nanoparticles for brighter local signal
Reference laboratory dye rather than a development-ready drug. Strong value as a benchmark for LumiSurg optical QA, not as a direct clinical candidate. |
IR-1048 NIR-1048 · IR1048 · Thiopyrylium NIR-II dye Commercial laboratory dye and academic formulation groups | Petit organique | 808/1048 nm NIR-II (1000-1700nm) QY: Low sub-percent in common organic solvents; highly formulation dependent | Passif → None intrinsic Laboratory SWIR calibration · Preclinical vascular imaging · Formulation screening | Préclinique No FDA approval; research-use reference dye | Toxicité · PK · publicationsToxicité: No GLP toxicology package found; hydrophobicity and aggregation require encapsulation before in vivo use. PK: Not clinically characterized; expected to depend entirely on carrier, albumin binding, or nanoparticle encapsulation. Avantages: Peak emission sits above the NIR-I cutoff · Lower background autofluorescence than 700-900 nm dyes · Useful comparator for detector sensitivity near 1050 nm
Included as a minimum-requested reference material; not a translational candidate without a dedicated formulation and toxicology program. |
IR-26 IR26 · NIR-II quantum yield standard · Hexamethine cyanine IR-26 Commercial dye suppliers and academic photophysics groups | Petit organique | 808/1120 nm NIR-II (1000-1700nm) QY: Historically used as 0.5% reference in 1,2-dichloroethane; recent integrating-sphere work reports ~0.0301% in DCE | Passif → None; spectroscopy reference Quantum-yield reference · NIR-II instrument calibration · Laboratory benchmark | Préclinique No FDA approval; spectroscopy reference only | Toxicité · PK · publicationsToxicité: Not suitable as an injectable agent; no clinical toxicology package and solvent/reference use dominates. PK: Not applicable as a clinical agent; no human PK data. Avantages: Broad NIR-II emission useful for calibration · Longstanding reference enables cross-study comparison · Emission is outside tissue autofluorescence-dominant NIR-I region
Best treated as a calibration standard. The historic 0.5% QY assumption is debated and should be documented whenever used for benchmarking. |
CH1055 CH1055-PEG · D-A-D BBT fluorophore · Dai/Stanford NIR-II small molecule Stanford / Dai laboratory and collaborators | Petit organique | 808/1055 nm NIR-II (1000-1700nm) QY: ~0.3% for PEGylated CH1055 in aqueous biological conditions | Actif → Untargeted PEG format; anti-EGFR affibody conjugates demonstrated preclinically Sentinel lymph node mapping · Brain tumour imaging · EGFR-positive tumour imaging · Benchmark renal-clearable NIR-II dye | Préclinique No FDA approval; academic preclinical agent | Toxicité · PK · publicationsToxicité: Favourable preclinical clearance compared with retained inorganic nanomaterials, but no human safety package published. PK: Approximately 90% renal excretion within 24 hours reported for CH1055; circulation depends on PEGylation and conjugate size. Avantages: Renal-clearable small-molecule precedent · Improved lymphatic and vascular resolution versus ICG in animal models · Compatible with peptide/affibody conjugation
Canonical first-generation organic NIR-II benchmark. Brightness is modest, so later CH/H1/IR-FGP-like architectures are preferred for product development. |
CH-4T / HSA complex CH-4T · CH-4T-HSA · Sulfonated NIR-II dye-protein complex Dai laboratory / Stanford-associated academic work | Petit organique | 808/1050 nm NIR-II (1000-1700nm) QY: High for molecular NIR-II class after albumin complexation; reported 110-fold fluorescence increase versus uncomplexed dye | Passif → Human serum albumin carrier; no intrinsic tumour target Video-rate vascular imaging · Cardiac-cycle imaging in mice · Albumin-bound NIR-II benchmark | Préclinique No FDA approval | Toxicité · PK · publicationsToxicité: Preclinical only; dye-protein supramolecular behaviour requires CMC and immunogenicity controls before translation. PK: Albumin binding shifts behaviour toward vascular retention and liver/renal mixed clearance rather than fast small-molecule renal excretion. Avantages: Brightness gain enables lower exposure time · Protein complex reduces aqueous quenching · Video-rate NIR-II imaging demonstrates temporal resolution advantage
Important proof that protein complexation can solve NIR-II energy-gap quenching, but less straightforward as a defined pharmaceutical product. |
IR-FGP-like × GPC3 LumiSurg Candidate 1 · IR-FGP-like proprietary GPC3 probe · GPC3-targeted NIR-II small molecule LumiSurg | Petit organique | 900/1050 nm NIR-II (1000-1700nm) QY: Target product profile ~5-12% formulated brightness; exact lead QY not publicly disclosed | Actif → GPC3 (glypican-3) Hepatocellular carcinoma · GPC3-positive liver tumour margin detection · Deep hepatic surgical guidance | Préclinique No FDA approval; pre-IND concept | Toxicité · PK · publicationsToxicité: No GLP toxicology yet; intended profile is non-metal, low reticuloendothelial retention, and CMC-compatible injectable formulation. PK: Target profile is rapid blood-pool washout with tumour-retained signal via GPC3 binding; human PK not available. Avantages: Designed for high liver-background suppression · True >1000 nm emission should reduce scatter in hepatic tissue · Small-molecule/compact-binder strategy may clear faster than antibody probes
Strategic LumiSurg V2 candidate. Regulatory risk is lower than heavy-metal quantum dots but target-binder immunogenicity and hepatic background must be validated. |
IS-002 PSMA-targeted fluorescent imaging agent IS-002 · Filricianine (reported INN in some drug databases) · Intuitive Surgical IS-002 Intuitive Surgical; originally associated with Iksuda Therapeutics licensing history in market intelligence records | Petit organique | 774/793 nm NIR-I (~793nm); included as clinical comparator for NIR-II V2 rather than true 1000-1700nm emitter QY: ~8-12% class estimate in LumiSurg internal benchmark; public trial records do not report QY | Actif → PSMA (prostate-specific membrane antigen) Prostate cancer · Robotic prostatectomy · Positive margin and nodal disease visualization | Phase 2 Investigational; Phase 1 and Phase 2 studies completed, no FDA approval listed NCT04574401 · NCT05946603 | Toxicité · PK · publicationsToxicité: Phase 1 reports describe acceptable tolerability; full public label-style safety database is not available because the agent is investigational. PK: Small-molecule IV administration timed for same-day robotic surgery; detailed human PK parameters are not public in registry summaries. Avantages: Clinical PSMA-targeted FGS comparator · Robotic Firefly workflow compatibility · Shows regulatory/clinical path for targeted small-molecule surgical dyes
Not a true NIR-II fluorophore. It remains important because it is one of the more mature targeted surgical fluorescence programs and informs LumiSurg trial design. |
BTC series BTC980 · BTC1070 · Boron difluoride curcuminoid NIR-II dyes Academic boron-difluoride curcuminoid chemistry groups | Petit organique | 808/1070 nm NIR-II (1000-1700nm) QY: Variable by substituent and solvent; computational and materials reports focus on BTC980/BTC1070 rather than clinical aqueous QY | Passif → None intrinsic; chemistry can be adapted for nanoparticle or conjugate formats Organic NIR-II dye design · Photophysics benchmark · Potential bioimaging scaffold | Préclinique No FDA approval | Toxicité · PK · publicationsToxicité: No clinical toxicology package; hydrophobicity, photothermal conversion, and formulation excipients must be assessed. PK: Not clinically characterized; likely carrier/formulation-dependent. Avantages: Boron complexation helps tune the bandgap into >1000 nm emission · Scaffold offers synthetic modularity · Potentially metal-free alternative to inorganic quantum dots
Promising chemistry family, but less clinically mature than CH1055-like and IR-FGP-like small-molecule programs. |
Semiconducting polymer dots NIR-II Pdots · SPdots · TADF-based Pdots Academic polymer nanoprobe groups | Organique nano | 808/1100 nm NIR-II (1000-1700nm) QY: ~0.4-1.58% in aqueous TADF Pdot reports; some engineered SPN/Pdot systems report ~1-1.25% or higher depending on design | Passif → EPR/passive by default; can be surface-functionalized with antibodies, peptides, or small ligands Preclinical tumour imaging · Phototheranostics · NIR-IIa vascular/tumour imaging | Préclinique No FDA approval | Toxicité · PK · publicationsToxicité: Often metal-free, but long-term polymer biodistribution, biodegradation, and RES retention remain translation barriers. PK: Nanoparticle PK: size- and coating-dependent blood half-life with frequent liver/spleen uptake; renal clearance only for very small or degradable designs. Avantages: High photostability and brightness density · Surface chemistry supports targeted nanoparticle formats · NIR-IIa emission can improve tumour-to-background contrast
Useful for high-performance preclinical imaging and theranostics; less straightforward as a first human surgical diagnostic than renal-clearable small molecules. |
Single-walled carbon nanotubes SWCNT · SWNT · HiPCO SWCNT Dai laboratory / Stanford and broad academic field | Nanoparticule | 808/1200 nm NIR-II (1000-1700nm) QY: Low intrinsic fluorescence; brightness depends on chirality enrichment, surfactant/polymer wrapping, and nanotube concentration | Passif → None intrinsic; can be wrapped/conjugated for tumour or sensor targeting Preclinical vascular imaging · Tumour uptake imaging · NIR-II biosensing | Préclinique No FDA approval for injectable fluorescence contrast | Toxicité · PK · publicationsToxicité: Major translation concern: biopersistence, purity/chirality heterogeneity, inflammatory risk, and long-term RES retention. PK: Polymer-wrapped SWCNTs can circulate for hours and accumulate in liver/spleen/tumours; clearance is slow versus small molecules. Avantages: Intrinsic emission across NIR-II/SWIR · Exceptional photostability · Strong academic precedent for deep vascular imaging
Historically foundational NIR-II platform but strategically less attractive for LumiSurg first-in-human due to CMC and toxicology burden. |
Rare-earth nanoparticles (NaYF4:Yb,Er) NaYF4:Yb,Er UCNPs · Lanthanide-doped nanoparticles · Er/Yb rare-earth nanocrystals Academic lanthanide nanoparticle groups | Inorganique | 980/1525 nm NIR-II / NIR-IIb (1000-1700nm) QY: Low absolute biological QY but narrow-band, long-lifetime emission; shell engineering can improve brightness | Passif → None intrinsic; surface ligands can add active targeting Preclinical multiplexed imaging · Cancer theranostics · Long-lifetime SWIR imaging | Préclinique No FDA approval as injectable contrast | Toxicité · PK · publicationsToxicité: Lanthanide/fluoride nanoparticle retention, surface coating stability, and chronic biodistribution remain key issues. PK: Typically nanoparticle-like RES uptake; renal clearance requires ultrasmall hydrodynamic diameters and stable coatings. Avantages: Very narrow emission bands enable multiplexing · Long lifetime supports time-gated imaging · NIR-IIb signal can further reduce scattering
High technical value for multiplex research; regulatory risk is higher than organic small molecules for a surgical diagnostic. |
Ag2S quantum dots Silver sulfide quantum dots · Ag2S QDs · NIR-II Ag-based QDs SINANO / Dai collaborators and broad academic QD field | Quantum dot | 808/1200 nm NIR-II (1000-1400nm typical) QY: Typically low-to-moderate; brightness depends on size, shell/passivation, and aqueous ligand strategy | Passif → None intrinsic; ligands can enable cell-specific targeting Preclinical vascular imaging · Cell-specific imaging · Tumour imaging | Préclinique No FDA approval | Toxicité · PK · publicationsToxicité: Generally positioned as more biocompatible than Cd/Pb QDs, but silver/sulfide nanoparticle long-term retention still requires rigorous tox. PK: Size/coating-dependent; many formulations show RES uptake with partial hepatobiliary/renal clearance depending on hydrodynamic diameter. Avantages: True NIR-II emission with low tissue autofluorescence · Lower heavy-metal concern than Pb/Cd quantum dots · Tunable surfaces for targeting ligands
One of the strongest non-Pb/Cd QD options but still a nanoparticle regulatory challenge. |
PbS quantum dots Lead sulfide QDs · PbS/CdS NIR-IIb QDs · RNase-A@PbS Qdots Academic quantum dot groups including Stanford-associated NIR-IIb work | Quantum dot | 808/1600 nm NIR-II / NIR-IIb (1000-1700nm) QY: Among the brighter NIR-II/NIR-IIb QD classes; RNase-A@PbS and PbS/CdS reports describe high water-soluble brightness | Passif → None intrinsic; can be protein encapsulated or ligand-functionalized Deep-tissue NIR-IIb vascular imaging · Preclinical thrombosis imaging · High-resolution SWIR research | Préclinique No FDA approval; lead-containing material is a major regulatory barrier | Toxicité · PK · publicationsToxicité: Lead content creates substantial toxicology, environmental, and regulatory barriers despite encapsulation strategies. PK: Nanoparticle retention in RES organs is expected unless ultrasmall/clearable designs are proven; no human PK. Avantages: NIR-IIb emission can deliver very low scatter · High brightness supports deep imaging · Tunable emission across SWIR
Excellent research benchmark for what NIR-IIb can do optically; poor first-wave clinical choice because of heavy-metal risk. |
InAs quantum dots Indium arsenide QDs · III-V SWIR QDs · RoHS-oriented infrared QDs Academic III-V quantum dot groups | Quantum dot | 808/1100 nm NIR-II / SWIR-tunable (1000-1700nm possible) QY: Variable; shell/ligand engineering required for bright water-compatible emission | Passif → None intrinsic; surface chemistry can add biomolecular targeting Preclinical SWIR imaging · Lead-free QD alternative research · Optoelectronic / bioimaging platform | Préclinique No FDA approval | Toxicité · PK · publicationsToxicité: Arsenide/indium composition still requires careful degradation, ion release, and chronic biodistribution assessment. PK: No clinical PK; nanoparticle size and coating will dominate circulation and organ retention. Avantages: SWIR tunability without lead · Potentially lower regulatory burden than PbS/PbSe · Broad engineering ecosystem from infrared optoelectronics
Better strategic optics/toxicity compromise than lead QDs, but still behind organic small molecules for near-term surgery translation. |
CuInSe2 quantum dots CISe QDs · Copper indium selenide QDs · CuInSe2@ZnS NIR-II nanoprobes Fujian Institute / CAS and academic QD groups | Quantum dot | 808/1065 nm NIR-II (950-1700nm tunable) QY: Up to ~21.8% absolute NIR-II PLQY reported for CuInSe2@ZnS nanoprobes; Mn-doped systems report even higher values in preclinical literature | Passif → None intrinsic; folate and other ligand functionalization demonstrated in related systems Autofluorescence-free bioassay · Preclinical tumour imaging · Potential dual-modality theranostics | Préclinique No FDA approval | Toxicité · PK · publicationsToxicité: Less problematic than Pb/Cd QDs but selenium/indium nanoparticle retention and shell degradation require full tox package. PK: Nanoparticle biodistribution with liver/spleen uptake expected; renal clearance not established for most bright formulations. Avantages: High reported NIR-II QY · Cadmium/lead-free positioning · Broad excitation band supports flexible optical systems
Strong optical performance for a lower-heavy-metal QD class; still not as regulatory-simple as a small organic molecule. |
Carbon dots NIR-II NIR-II carbon dots · Fe-doped carbon dots · CDs 900-1200nm Academic carbon nanomaterial groups | Organique nano | 808/1100 nm NIR-II (900-1200nm typical; 1000-1700nm class) QY: ~0.4-1.27% reported in representative NIR-II carbon dot studies; newer molecularly engineered CDs continue to improve brightness | Passif → None intrinsic; surface groups can be functionalized Preclinical tumour imaging · Gastric pH / microenvironment imaging · Photothermal theranostics | Préclinique No FDA approval | Toxicité · PK · publicationsToxicité: Generally favourable acute biocompatibility reported, but batch heterogeneity, surface-state chemistry, and long-term fate remain unresolved. PK: Some small CD reports show rapid urinary excretion; larger assemblies can show liver/spleen retention. Avantages: Metal-free / low-cost nanocarbon platform · Potential renal clearance for small CDs · Can combine imaging and photothermal therapy
Fast-moving field with improving brightness. For LumiSurg, carbon dots are an optional backup family rather than the lead clinical route. |
SBP1-SWCNT peptide complex SBP1 · single-walled carbon nanotube binding peptide · SWCNT-binding peptide corona Phage-display / peptide-nanotube academic field | Nanoparticule | 808/1200 nm NIR-II (1000-1400nm typical SWCNT emission) QY: Defined by SWCNT chirality and peptide wrapping; peptide corona can preserve or modulate nanotube NIR fluorescence | Peptide → SWCNT surface; optional analyte/biomarker recognition depends on peptide sequence Preclinical SWCNT dispersion · NIR biosensing · Peptide-corona targeting research | Préclinique No FDA approval | Toxicité · PK · publicationsToxicité: Toxicity is dominated by SWCNT biopersistence and purity; peptide coating may improve dispersion but does not eliminate chronic retention concerns. PK: Peptide-wrapped SWCNTs typically behave as nanoparticles with slow clearance unless specifically engineered for biodegradation or excretion. Avantages: Peptide corona can add selectivity without destroying SWCNT emission · NIR-II nanotube signal is photostable · Useful route for biologically responsive SWIR sensors
Included under biological/protein-like agents. Best viewed as a functionalization strategy around SWCNTs, not as an independent small-molecule dye. |
Qdot series (Thermo Fisher NIR) Qdot 800 ITK · Invitrogen Qdot 800 · Thermo Fisher Qdot nanocrystals Thermo Fisher Scientific / Invitrogen Molecular Probes | Quantum dot | 405/800 nm NIR-I (~800nm); included as commercial NIR quantum-dot comparator rather than true 1000-1700nm agent QY: Vendor-positioned as ultrabright and photostable; product literature does not provide a clinical injectable QY | Anticorps → Custom biomolecules via carboxyl, amino-PEG, or antibody conjugation In vitro labeling · Flow cytometry · Microscopy · Commercial QD comparator | Préclinique Research-use reagent; no FDA approval as injectable surgical contrast | Toxicité · PK · publicationsToxicité: Commercial Qdots are research reagents; cadmium/selenide-type core and nanoparticle retention make in vivo translation difficult. PK: Not intended for human injection; animal biodistribution studies show size/coating-dependent RES uptake and prolonged retention. Avantages: Extremely bright and photostable label versus many organic dyes · Narrow emission aids multiplexing · Commercially standardized conjugation chemistries
Not a NIR-II agent, but useful as a commercial NIR quantum-dot baseline and antibody-conjugation comparator. |
Aucun émetteur NIR-II 1000-1700 nm n'est listé comme agent injectable FDA/EMA approuvé. IS-002 est conservé comme comparateur clinique ciblé, mais il reste NIR-I.
La trajectoire la plus traduisible reste un petit organique ciblé, non métallique, avec clairance rapide et chimie GPC3 propriétaire.
Les données de cette page proviennent directement de data/nir2-contrast-agents.json, maintenu comme base réutilisable.